We are salad lovers at Kitchen Authority.
In fact, we grow a variety of different types of lettuce and salad greens in our year-round greenhouse / kitchen garden as well as in one of our outdoor gardens each year.
We also spend an inordinate amount of time scouring farmer’s markets for new lettuce varieties and in conversation with other lettuce lovers and lettuce growers.
Interesting Fact: Lettuce is actually part of the daisy family! Gardeners around the world love growing the almost countless varieties and types of lettuce.
Different types of lettuce are used most often for salads but they show up in recipes for everything from soups and sandwiches and wraps. I can’t imagine Korean BBQ without lettuce.
4 Main Categories of Types of Lettuce
Salad greens come in four main categories: Looseleaf, Butterhead, Crisphead and Romaine.
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Iceberg Lettuce
Iceberg is arguably the most popular lettuce in the US. It’s got a crunch and texture that other lettuces just can’t compete with. Americans traditionally eat it cold and raw in their salads, sandwiches, burgers, tacos and even wraps.
Iceberg is also the core of my personal favorite salad to accompany a nice ribeye steak. The simple but magical Wedge Salad.
The ingredients for a simple wedge salad are usually easily at hand in any kitchen: iceberg lettuce, tomato, onion, bacon and blue cheese dressing.
How To Make A Wedge Salad in 4 Simple Steps
- Remove the stem from a head of iceberg lettuce and quarter it into wedges with a sharp kitchen knife
(Pro Tip: Lightly but firmly smash a head of iceberg down (stem side down) on the counter and the stem should loosen and be removed easily. I like to think it also wakes up the lettuce spirit!)
- Fry or oven cook some bacon until crisp then let that meat candy cool. Any kind of bacon, get creative. I like the smoke bacon we make right here in the Kitchen Authority Test Kitchen.
- Pour a generous amount of your favorite creamy blue cheese dressing over the wedge.
- Finish it off with some chopped tomato and a bit of red onion, the bacon and then someone additional crumbled blue cheese if you’ve got it. I sometimes add additional grated Parmesan or Reggiano. Then I add pepper. Lots of it.
Iceberg has virtually no calories and is mostly water (90%) so it’s not packed with nutrients. It does, however, make the perfect salad dressing and garnish delivery mechanism.
How Did Iceberg Lettuce Get Its Name?
Iceberg lettuce was orignally called Crisphead lettuce and was shipped by the California lettuce growers covered in crushed ice to keep it super-fresh.
Best Salads With Iceberg Lettuce
Romaine Lettuce
Romaine follows after iceberg if you were charting lettuce crispiness. It’s popular in sandwiches and maybe most importantly is the basis for the celebrated Caesar salad. (Our go-to Caesar Dressing recipe is from Bob Blumer)
Best Salads With Romaine Lettuce
Butterhead Lettuce
Butterhead lettuce is also known as Bibb lettuce and Boston Lettuce. It’s characterized by it’s semi-sweet, tender leaves that have a near-velvet texture. It’s popular in a variety of salads.
it’s rich in vitamins and like most lettuce has almost no calories.
Best Salads With Butterhead Lettuce
- Asparagus and Butterhead Lettuce Salad
- French Butter-Lettuce Salad
- Butter Lettuce Salad with Citrus Honey Vinaigrette
Looseleaf Lettuce or Green Leaf Lettuce
Looseleaf lettuce come in many different varieties. They are colorful and fast growing and are perfect for indoor kitchen gardens. With an open head, you can harvest just the right amount from the living lettuce plant.
Best Salads With Leaf Lettuce
Other Types of Lettuce and Salad Greens
Arugula
Arugula is often called Rocket and has a very distinctive peppery flavor. There are different varieties of arugula and the leaves can vary in length and shape. Arugula can also vary in flavor strength – wild-harvested arugula is more pungent and really pops in a salad. Look for it at your local farmer’s market.
Arugula pairs well with punchy vinaigrettes like this Lemon Parmesan Dressing from epicurious. One of my favorite breakfast joints in Southeast Asia – Overstand – adds it to some of their breakfast sourdough creations. My son adds it to his chicken salad sandwiches. Delicious!
Best Salad With Arugula
Belgian Endive
The Belgian Endive has small, tight head and delivers awesome flavor and satisfying crunch. They are equally good as an addition to a standard salad but are very popular braised and caramelized. They are generally grown indoors these days so are usually available year round at markets.
Best Salad With Belgian Endive
Frisée or Curly Endive or Chicory
Like a traditional endive the curly endive has that characteristic sharp bitterness. Frisée is well-known as the base for the classic French Bistro Salad with bacon and poached egg. It’s also delicious in a variety of salads that include fruit and/or nuts.
Best Salad With Curly Endive
Raddichio
Radicchio is part of the chicory family and is known for it’s red leaves and it’s spicy bitter flavor. It’s very popular in Italian salads as well as grilled and served Antipasto and added to pasta dishes.
Best Salad With Radichio
Dandelion Greens
Dandelion greens have a distinctive bitterness and are not everyone’s favorite. They are partcularly good cooked and are used in a variety of Asian cuisines.
Best Salad With Dandelion Greens
Mache
Mache is known variously as corn lettuce or rapunzel or lamb’s lettuce. It’s a small, tender lettuce varietal with dark green leaves. It has a much-loved sweet taste and is popular in it’s native Europe both cooked and raw.
Best Salad With Mache
Mesclun or Spring Mix
Mesclun is not a specific lettuce variety but a mixture of various salad greens like young lettuce, arugula and endives. It’s typically used as a base to build from and is more commonly known as Spring Mix in the US.
Best Salad With Mesclun
Mizuna
Mizuna has a mild but distinctive peppery taste. It’s sometimes referred to as Japanese mustard greens or spider mustard. It’s a staple in Japan and can be found in a variety of Japanese soups, stir-fries and hot pots.
Best Salad With Mizuna
Escarole
Escarole is another salad green that’s part of the chicory family. It has characteristic broad and flat leaves and grows in a compact head. It has a nice crunch and can be eaten raw or cooked with a full-flavored salad dressing.
Best Salad With Escarole
Watercress
Watercress gets it’s name from it’s semi-acquatic growing environment. It’s known as both a salad green and a herb. It’s got a light, peppery flavor and goes great on sandwiches, in soups, and added to many salads.
Best Salad With Watercress
Kale
Kale is a member of the cabbage family. It has a heavy and hearty texture with a faint bitterness.
Best Salad With Kale
Spinach
Spinach is not a lettuce but is adored by many salad lovers and is an honorary “salad green”. With bright green leaves it grows in large buches that need to be carefully washed. Spinach is very mild and goes with almost any dressing. The Baby Spinach leaves are also a favorite in the Kitchen Authority Test Kitchen.
Best Salad With Spinach
Oak Leaf Lettuce
Oak Leaf lettuce comes in a variety of “colors” – green, red and bronze – and is excellent in all salad types with pretty much any dressing. It’s a solid lettuce choice.
Best Salad With Oak Leaf Lettuce
- Oak Leaf Lettuce Salad with Cabrales and Red Grapes
- Red Oak Lettuce Salad with Apples, Toasted Walnuts, & Gorgonzola
Purslane
Purslane can be picked in the wild in meadow lands but is typically available at specialty grocers and farmer markets. It’s thick, sponge-like leaves work well with simple herb dressings.
